Heat transfer

Heat is defined as energy in transit. Effect of heat is monitored by measuring temperature. When a temperature gradient arises in the body, it results in heat transfer. Now heat transfer become a branch of thermal science which has potential applications in mechanical engineering, civil engineering, chemical engineering, electrical engineering, metallurgical engineering, cryogenic engineering, aerospace engineering, space engineering and nuclear engineering.  Different laws used in heat transfer are first and second laws of thermodynamics, conservation law of mass, Fourier’s law of conduction, Newton’s law of cooling, Stefan-Boltzmann law and equation of state for the fluid. Three basic modes of heat transfer are conduction, convection and radiation. Conduction is a process of transfer of energy by more energetic particles of the substance to their less energetic neighbors, governing Fourier’s law. Convection which occurs only in fluids is governed by Newton’s law of cooling. Radiation is related to a hot body which is governed by Stefan-Boltzmann law.